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Invasive infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria are frequently responsible for fatal sepsis, morbidity and mortality rates. In this work, we propose a new methodology based on nanosecond high frequency electric field bursts, which enables successful eradication of bacteria  in vivo . High frequency (15 kHz) 15–25 kV/cm 300–900 ns pulsing bursts were used separately and in combination with acetic acid (0.1 – 1%) to treat  Pseudomonas aeruginosa  in a murine model. Acetic acid 1% alone was effective resulting in almost 10-fold reduction of bacteria viability, however combination of nanosecond electric field and acetic acid 1% treatment was the most successful showing almost full eradication (0.01% survival compared to control) of the bacteria in the contaminated area. The short duration of the pulses (sub-microsecond) and high frequency (kHz range) of the burst enabled reduction of the muscle contractions to barely detectable level while the proposed applicators ensured predominantly topical treatment, without electroporation of deeper tissues. The results of our study have direct application for treatment of wounds and ulcers when chemical treatment is no longer effective.

Non-invasive nanosecond electroporation for biocontrol of surface infections: an in vivo study