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The inherent trade-off between efficiency and bandwidth of three-wave mixing processes in  χ  2  nonlinear waveguides is the major impediment for scaling down many well-established frequency conversion schemes onto the level of integrated photonic circuit. Here, we show that hybridization between modes of a silica microfiber and a LiNbO 3  nanowaveguide, amalgamated with laminar  χ  2  patterning, offers an elegant approach for engineering broadband phase matching and high efficiency of three-wave mixing processes in an ultra-compact and natively fiber-integrated setup. We demonstrate exceptionally high normalized second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency of up to  η   nor   ≈ 460% W −1  cm −2 , combined with a large phase matching bandwidth of Δ λ  ≈ 100 nm (bandwidth-length product of Δ λ · L  ≈ 5  μ m 2 ) near the telecom bands, and extraordinary adjustment flexibility.

scientific reports

Highly efficient broadband second harmonic generation mediated by mode hybridization and nonlinearity patterning in compact fiber-integrated lithium niobate nano-waveguides