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Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental contaminant that exhibits renal toxicity. The target transcription factors involved in Cd renal toxicity are still unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that Cd decreased the activity of the ARNT transcription factor, and knockdown of  ARNT  significantly decreased the viability of human proximal tubular HK-2 cells. Microarray analysis in  ARNT  knockdown cells revealed a decrease in the expression of a number of genes, including a known apoptosis inhibitor, BIRC3, whose gene and protein expression level was also decreased by Cd treatment. Although the BIRC family consists of 8 members, Cd suppressed only  BIRC3  gene expression. BIRC3 is known to suppress apoptosis through the inhibition effect on caspase-3. Knockdown of  BIRC3  by siRNA as well as Cd treatment increased the level of active caspase-3. Moreover, knockdown of  BIRC3  not only triggered cell toxicity and apoptosis but also strengthened Cd toxicity in HK-2 cells. Meanwhile, the activation of caspase-3 by suppression of  BIRC3  gene expression was mostly specific to Cd and to proximal tubular cells. These results suggest that Cd induces apoptosis through the inhibition of ARNT-regulated BIRC3 in human proximal tubular cells.

Identification of ARNT-regulated BIRC3 as the target factor in cadmium renal toxicity