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Neuroinflammation can be monitored using fluorine-19 ( 19 F)-containing nanoparticles and  19 F MRI. Previously we studied neuroinflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) using room temperature (RT)  19 F radiofrequency (RF) coils and low spatial resolution  19 F MRI to overcome constraints in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This yielded an approximate localization of inflammatory lesions. Here we used a new  19 F transceive cryogenic quadrature RF probe (  19    F - CRP ) that provides the SNR necessary to acquire superior spatially-resolved  19 F MRI. First we characterized the signal-transmission profile of the   19    F - CRP . The   19    F - CRP  was then benchmarked against a RT  19 F/ 1 H RF coil. For SNR comparison we used reference compounds including  19 F-nanoparticles and  ex vivo  brains from EAE mice administered with  19 F-nanoparticles. The transmit/receive profile of the   19    F - CRP  diminished with increasing distance from the surface. This was counterbalanced by a substantial SNR gain compared to the RT coil. Intraparenchymal inflammation in the  ex vivo  EAE brains was more sharply defined when using 150 μm isotropic resolution with the   19    F - CRP , and reflected the known distribution of EAE histopathology. At this spatial resolution, most  19 F signals were undetectable using the RT coil. The   19    F - CRP  is a valuable tool that will allow us to study neuroinflammation with greater detail in future  in vivo  studies.

scientific reports

Enhanced Fluorine-19 MRI Sensitivity using a Cryogenic Radiofrequency Probe: Technical Developments and Ex Vivo Demonstration in a Mouse Model of Neuroinflammation