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Exotic phenomenon can be achieved in quantum materials by confiningelectronic states into two dimensions. For example, relativistic fermions arerealised in a single layer of carbon atoms, the quantized Hall effect canresult from two-dimensional (2D) systems, and the superconducting transitiontemperature can be enhanced significantly in a one-atomic-layer material.Ordinarily, 2D electronic system can be obtained by exfoliating the layeredmaterials, growing monolayer materials on substrates, or establishinginterfaces between different materials. Herein, we use femtosecond infraredlaser pulses to invert the periodic lattice distortion sectionally in athree-dimensional (3D) charge density wave material, creating macroscopicdomain walls of transient 2D ordered electronic states with exotic properties.The corresponding ultrafast electronic and lattice dynamics are captured bytime- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and MeV ultrafast electrondiffraction. Surprisingly, a novel energy gap state, which might be a signatureof light-induced superconductivity, is identified in the photoinduced 2D domainwall near the surface. Such optical modulation of atomic motion is a new pathto realise 2D electronic states and will be a new platform for creating novelphases in quantum materials.

Optical manipulation of electronic dimensionality in a quantum material