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Efficient and versatile interfaces for the interaction of light with matterare an essential cornerstone for quantum science. A fundamentally new avenue ofcontrolling light-matter interactions has been recently proposed based on therich interplay of photon-mediated dipole-dipole interactions in structuredsubwavelength arrays of quantum emitters. Here we report on the directobservation of the cooperative subradiant response of a two-dimensional (2d)square array of atoms in an optical lattice. We observe a spectral narrowing ofthe collective atomic response well below the quantum-limited decay ofindividual atoms into free space. Through spatially resolved spectroscopicmeasurements, we show that the array acts as an efficient mirror formed by onlya single monolayer of a few hundred atoms. By tuning the atom density in thearray and by changing the ordering of the particles, we are able to control thecooperative response of the array and elucidate the interplay of spatial orderand dipolar interactions for the collective properties of the ensemble. Blochoscillations of the atoms out of the array enable us to dynamically control thereflectivity of the atomic mirror. Our work demonstrates efficient opticalmetamaterial engineering based on structured ensembles of atoms and paves theway towards the controlled many-body physics with light and novel light-matterinterfaces at the single quantum level.

A subradiant optical mirror formed by a single structured atomic layer