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Great advances in precision quantum measurement have been achieved withtrapped ions and atomic gases at the lowest possible temperatures. Thesesuccesses have inspired ideas to merge the two systems. In this way one canstudy the unique properties of ionic impurities inside a quantum fluid orexplore buffer gas cooling of the trapped ion quantum computer. Remarkably, inspite of its importance, experiments with atom-ion mixtures remained firmlyconfined to the classical collision regime. We report a collision energy of1.15(0.23) times the $s$-wave energy (or 9.9(2.0)~$\mu$K) for a trappedytterbium ion in an ultracold lithium gas. We observed a deviation fromclassical Langevin theory by studying the spin-exchange dynamics, indicatingquantum behavior in the atom-ion collisions. Our results open up numerousopportunities, such as the exploration of atom-ion Feshbach resonances, inanalogy to neutral systems.

Buffer gas cooling of a trapped ion to the quantum regime