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Raman-based technologies have enabled many ground-breaking scientificdiscoveries related to surface science, single molecule chemistry and biology.For example, researchers have identified surface bound molecules by their Ramanvibrational modes and demonstrated polarization-dependent Raman gain. However,a surface constrained Raman laser has yet to be demonstrated because of thechallenges associated with achieving a sufficiently high photon populationlocated at a surface to transition from spontaneous to stimulated Ramanscattering. Here, advances in surface chemistry and in integrated photonics arecombined to demonstrate lasing based on surface stimulated Raman scattering(SSRS). By creating an oriented, constrained Si-O-Si monolayer on the surfaceof integrated silica optical microresonators, the requisite conditions for SSRSare achieved with low threshold powers (200microW). The expectedpolarization-dependence of the SSRS due to the orientation of the Si-O-Si bondis observed. Due to the ordered monolayer, the Raman lasing efficiency isimproved from ~5% to over 40%.

Raman laser from an optical resonator with a grafted single molecule monolayer