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Optimal mechanical impact absorbers are reusable and exhibit high specificenergy absorption. The forced intrusion of liquid water in hydrophobicnanoporous materials, such as zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), presentsan attractive pathway to engineer such systems. However, to harness their fullpotential, it is crucial to understand the underlying water intrusion andex-trusion mechanisms under realistic, high-rate deformation conditions.Herein, we report a critical increase of the energy absorption capacity ofconfined water-ZIF systems at elevated strain rates. Starting from ZIF-8 asproof-of-concept, we demonstrate that this attractive rate depend-ence isgenerally applicable to cage-type ZIFs but disappears for channel-containingzeolites. Molecular simulations reveal that this phenomenon originates from theintrinsic nanosecond timescale needed for critical-sized water clusters tonucleate inside the nanocages, expediting water transport through theframework. Harnessing this fundamental understanding, design rules areformulated to construct effective, tailorable, and reusable impact energyabsorbers for challenging new applications.

High rate nanofluidic energy absorption in porous zeolitic frameworks