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Recent dynamical models of Solar System evolution and isotope studies ofrock-forming elements in meteorites have suggested that volatile-rich asteroidsformed in the outer Solar System beyond Jupiter's orbit, despite beingcurrently located in the main asteroid belt. The ambient temperature underwhich asteroids formed is a crucial diagnostic to pinpoint the originallocation of asteroids and is potentially determined by the abundance ofvolatiles they contain. In particular, abundances and 13C/12C ratios ofcarbonates in meteorites record the abundances of carbon-bearing volatilespecies in their parent asteroids. However, the sources of carbon for thesecarbonates remain poorly understood. Here we show that the Tagish Lakemeteorite contains abundant carbonates with consistently high 13C/12C ratios.The high abundance of 13C-rich carbonates in Tagish Lake excludes organicmatter as their main carbon source. Therefore, the Tagish Lake parent body,presumably a D-type asteroid, must have accreted a large amount of 13C-rich CO2ice. The estimated 13C/12C and CO2/H2O ratios of ice in Tagish Lake are similarto those of cometary ice. Thus, we infer that at least some D-type asteroidsformed in the cold outer Solar System and were subsequently transported intothe inner Solar System owing to an orbital instability of the giant planets.

Migration of D-type asteroids from the outer Solar System inferred from carbonate in meteorites