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Recent all-sky surveys have led to the discovery of new types of transients.These include stars disrupted by the central supermassive black hole, andsupernovae that are 10-100 times more energetic than typical ones. However, thenature of even more energetic transients that apparently occur in the innermostregions of their host galaxies is hotly debated. Here we report the discoveryof the most energetic of these to date: PS1-10adi, with a total radiated energyof ~ 2.3 x 10^52 erg. The slow evolution of its light curve and persistentlynarrow spectral lines over ~3 yr are inconsistent with known types of recurringblack hole variability. The observed properties imply powering by shockinteraction between expanding material and large quantities of surroundingdense matter. Plausible sources of this expanding material are a star that hasbeen tidally disrupted by the central black hole, or a supernova. Both couldsatisfy the energy budget. For the former, we would be forced to invoke a newand hitherto unseen variant of a tidally disrupted star, while a supernovaorigin relies principally on environmental effects resulting from its nuclearlocation. Remarkably, we also discovered that PS1-10adi is not an isolatedcase. We therefore surmise that this new population of transients haspreviously been overlooked due to incorrect association with underlying centralblack hole activity.

A population of highly energetic transient events in the centres of active galaxies