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We elucidate light-induced orbital and spin current through nonlinearresponse theory, which generalizes the well-known bulk photovoltaic effect incentrosymmetric broken materials from charge to the spin and orbital degrees offreedom. We use two-dimensional nonmagnetic ferroelectric materials (such asGeS and its analogues) to illustrate this bulk orbital/spin photovoltaiceffect, through first-principles calculations. These materials possess avertical mirror symmetry and time-reversal symmetry but lack of inversionsymmetry. We reveal that in addition to the conventional photocurrent thatpropagates parallel to the mirror plane (under linearly polarized light), thesymmetric forbidden current perpendicular to the mirror actually containselectron flows, which carry angular momentum information and move oppositely.One could observe a pure orbital moment current with zero electric chargecurrent. This hidden photo-induced orbital current leads to a pure spin currentvia spin-orbit coupling interactions. Therefore, a four-terminal device can bedesigned to detect and measure photo-induced charge, orbital, and spin currentssimultaneously. All these currents couple with electric polarization $P$, hencetheir amplitude and direction can be manipulated through ferroelectric phasetransition. Our work provides a route to generalizing nanoscale devices fromtheir photo-induced electronics to orbitronics and spintronics.

Pure Bulk Orbital and Spin Photocurrent in Two-Dimensional Ferroelectric Materials