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Ultra-intense MeV photon and neutron beams are indispensable tools in manyresearch fields such as nuclear, atomic and material science as well as inmedical and biophysical applications. For astrophysical applications aimed forlaboratory investigations, neutron fluxes in excess of 10$^{21}$ n/(cm$^2$ s)are required. Such ultra-high fluxes are unattainable with existingconventional reactor- and accelerator-based facilities. Currently discussedconcepts for generating high-flux neutron beams are based on ultra-high-powermulti-petawatt lasers operating at >10$^{23}$ W/cm$^2$ intensities. Here, wepresent a novel efficient concept for generating $\gamma$ and neutron beamsbased on enhanced generation of direct laser accelerated electrons inrelativistic laser interactions with a long-scale near critical density plasmaat 10$^{19}$ W/cm$^{2}$ intensity. New experimental insights in thelaser-driven generation of ultra-intense well-directed multi-MeV beams ofphotons with >10$^{12}$ ph/sr and a ultra-high intense neutron source with>6$\times$10$^{10}$ neutrons per shot are presented. More than 1.4\%laser-to-gamma conversion efficiency above 10 MeV and 0.05\% laser-to-neutronconversion efficiency were recorded, already at moderate relativistic laserintensities and ps pulse duration. This approach promises a strong boost of thediagnostic potential of existing kJ PW laser systems used for ICF research.

New insights in laser-generated ultra-intense gamma-ray and neutron sources for nuclear applications and science