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The ultra-fast dynamics of superconducting vortices harbors rich physicsgeneric to nonequilibrium collective systems. The phenomenon of flux-flowinstability (FFI), however, prevents its exploration and sets practical limitsfor the use of vortices in various applications. To suppress the FFI, asuperconductor should exhibit a rarely achieved combination of properties: weakvolume pinning, close-to-depairing critical current, and fast heat removal fromheated electrons. Here, we demonstrate experimentally ultra-fast vortex motionat velocities of 10-15 km/s in a directly written Nb-C superconductor in whicha close-to-perfect edge barrier orders the vortex motion at large currentvalues. The spatial evolution of the FFI is described using the edge-controlledFFI model, implying a chain of FFI nucleation points along the sample edge andtheir development into self-organized Josephson-like junctions (vortex rivers).In addition, our results offer insights into the applicability of widely usedFFI models and suggest Nb-C to be a good candidate material for fastsingle-photon detectors.

Ultra-fast vortex motion in dirty Nb-C superconductor with a close-to-perfect edge barrier