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Group 15 elements in zero oxidation state (P, As, Sb and Bi), also calledpnictogens, are rarely used in catalysis due to the difficulties associated inpreparing well-structured and stable materials. Here, we report on thesynthesis of highly exfoliated, few layer 2D phosphorene and antimonene in zerooxidation state, suspended in an ionic liquid, with the native atoms ready tointeract with external reagents while avoiding aerobic or aqueous decompositionpathways, and on their use as efficient catalysts for the alkylation ofnucleophiles with esters. The few layer pnictogen material circumvents theextremely harsh reaction conditions associated to previous superacid-catalyzedalkylations, by enabling an alternative mechanism on surface, protected fromthe water and air by the ionic liquid. These 2D catalysts allow the alkylationof a variety of acid-sensitive organic molecules and giving synthetic relevancyto the use of simple esters as alkylating agents.

Few layer 2D pnictogens catalyze the alkylation of soft nucleophiles with esters