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SINCE the classical work of Ellerman and Bang (1908) on chicken leukaemia and of Rous (1911) on chicken sarcoma first demonstrated the viral origin of certain tumours, such studies have been extended to various species including mammals (Rous, 1935; Oberling and Guerin, 1954; Gross, 1958). It was shown in our previous investigations (Sachs, Fogel and Winocour, 1959a; Sachs et al., 1959b, Winocour and Sachs, 1959), that basic questions relating to the role of viruses in the origin of mammalian tumours can best be answered by combining an in vivo with an in vitro analysis, and that by using such a combined approach it is possible to establish particularly favourable experimental systems. One of the viruses used in these studies was the polyoma virus (Eddy et al., 1958a) originally isolated from AK mice with lymphatic leukaemia (Gross, 1958; Stewart, Eddy and Borgese, 1958). This virus can agglutinate red blood cells from various species at refrigerator (4° C.) temperature (Eddy et al., 1958a; Sachs, Fogel and Winocour, 1959a), and it was shown that this ability for haemagglutination can be used both for an in vitro virus identification, and to determine various aspects of virus behaviour (Sachs, Fogel and Winocour, 1959a; Sachs et al., 1959b). In order to establish more fully the characteristics of this virus, and to compare these with non-tumour forming viruses, a further investigation was carried out on its haemagglutinating system. The present studies are therefore concerned with the properties of the haemagglutinating particles, the formation of haemagglutination inhibition antibodies after virus inoculation in relation to tumour formation, and the existence of such antibodies in AKR mice.

The In Vitro and In Vivo Analysis of Mammalian Tumour Viruses