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Nanoscale metal-organic particles (NMOPs) have recently shown great promise in the area of nanomedicine owing to their tunable compositions, highly enriched functionalities, well-defined sizes/shapes and intrinsic biodegradability. Herein, we describe the fabrication of NMOPs with both core-shell and co-doped structures via a post-synthesis cation exchange method for applications in multimodal imaging and combined photothermal and radiation therapy of cancer. Template NMOPs containing Mn2+ and IR825, a near-infrared (NIR) dye, are first synthesized and then mixed with Hf4+ to obtain core-shell and co-doped Mn/Hf-IR825 NMOPs depending on the dose of added Hf4+ ions. In these NMOPs, Mn2+ offers strong T1 magnetic resonance (MR) contrast, Hf4+ is a high-Z element with excellent computed tomography signal enhancement ability and radio-sensitization capability, and IR825 exhibits rather high NIR absorbance. After coating with polydopamine (PDA) and further conjugation with polyethylene glycol (PEG), the co-doped Mn/Hf-IR825@PDA-PEG particles (NMOP-PEG) showed efficient tumor-homing ability after intravenous injection, as illustrated by MR and photoacoustic (PA) imaging. Utilizing NMOP-PEG achieved excellent tumor killing efficacy through in vivo photothermal and radiation synergistic therapy in our mouse tumor model experiments. Importantly, our NMOP-PEG showed no appreciable toxicity to the treated mice and could be efficiently excreted. Our work presents a facile method to fabricate NMOP-PEG with multi-component structures as a biodegradable, multifunctional nanoplatform for multimodal image-guided combination cancer therapy. Nanoparticles that offer imaging-guided attacks on cancer cells using both photothermal and radiation therapies are now possible. Zhuang Liu from Soochow University in China and colleagues aimed to solve several issue affecting clinical cancer treatments by tailoring materials known as nanoscale metal-organic frameworks. Through cation exchange, the team added hafnium — a metal that strongly absorbs X-ray radiation — to a manganese–organic dye framework capable of providing magnetic resonance images and directing photothermal energy to tumours. After applying a polymer coating to improve physiological stability, the team injected the nanoparticles in mouse models and activated them with a laser. These experiments revealed the nanomedicine had a high tumour killing efficacy due to its multiple modes of action. Cytotoxicity in the trials was minimal, with all nanoparticles excreted from the mice within one month. Core-shell & co-doping nanoscale metal-organic particles (NMOPs), with high strong NIR absorbance, high radio-sensitizing capability and intrinsic biodegradability are developed via a post-synthesis cation exchange strategy for multimodal imaging guided synergistic thermo-radiotherapy. After coating with polydopamine and further conjugation with polyethylene glycol (PEG), such NMOP-PEG nanoparticles show effective tumor retention, and could be utilized for effective synergistic thermo-radiotherapy of cancer. Importantly, those NMOPs show no appreciable toxicity to the treated mice, and could be rapidly excreted from the body owing to their biodegradability.

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Core-shell and co-doped nanoscale metal-organic particles (NMOPs) obtained via post-synthesis cation exchange for multimodal imaging and synergistic thermo-radiotherapy