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The biosignatures of life on Earth do not remain static, but changeconsiderably over the planet's habitable lifetime. Earth's future biosphere,much like that of the early Earth, will consist of predominantly unicellularmicroorganisms due to the increased hostility of environmental conditionscaused by the Sun as it enters the late stage of its main sequence evolution.Building on previous work, the productivity of the biosphere is evaluatedduring different stages of biosphere decline between 1 Gyr and 2.8 Gyr frompresent. A simple atmosphere-biosphere interaction model is used to estimatethe atmospheric biomarker gas abundances at each stage and to assess thelikelihood of remotely detecting the presence of life in low-productivity,microbial biospheres, putting an upper limit on the lifetime of Earth'sremotely detectable biosignatures. Other potential biosignatures such as leafreflectance and cloud cover are discussed.

Swansong Biospheres II: The final signs of life on terrestrial planets near the end of their habitable lifetimes