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Langat virus, a member of the Russian spring-summer (RSS) complex of group B arboviruses, was isolated from Ixodes granulatus ticks found on forest rats near Kuala Lumpur, Malaya (Smith, 1956). It was shown to be distinct from the other members of the complex by Clarke (1962). Natural infections with Langat virus appear to be rare and no overt disease has been observed: of 386 Malayan human sera (including 215 from forest people) only two (of the latter) were found to have neutralizing antibody. In thirty-two patients with malignant disease, infection with Langat virus (TP-21-7th mouse passage) usually caused only a mild febrile illness although evidence of encephalitis was found in two (Webb, Wetherly-Mein, Smith & McMahon, unpublished). Price, Lee, Gunkel & O'Leary (1961) showed that one strain of Langat virus (TP-21-9) which had been passaged in chick embryo tissue cultures did not produce encephalitis when inoculated intracerebrally into rhesus monkeys and that when three live viruses (yellow fever, West Nile and Langat (TP-21-9)) were given in series there was subsequently good protection against a wide range of group B arboviruses. Price et al. (1963 a) reported that 70% of the plaque-purified clones prepared from the 12-20th chick embryo tissue culture passages of Langat virus showed increased virulence for mice inoculated intraperitoneally and caused more lesions of the central nervous system in rhesus monkeys inoculated intracerebrally than the parent 8th mouse passage. There was no comparable increase in virulence following passage in hamster kidney cultures. Shah et al. (1962) studied Langat virus in mice and guinea-pigs and demonstrated a good measure of protection against some viruses of the RSS complex. Smorodintsev (1963) has carried out preliminary trials in man with live Langat virus as a vaccine against Russian spring-summer encephalitis.

Infection of sheep and monkeys with Langat virus: cross-protection against other viruses of the Russian spring-summer complex