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In both typhoid fever and paratyphoid B, man is the original source of infection in the overwhelming majority of cases. Salmonella typhi has been found in the faeces of Greenland sleigh dogs which feed on human faeces (Krogh-Lund, 1940), and S. paratyphi B has been found in the faeces of cows (Kauffmann, 1941), but such modes of infection play a quite subordinate part. In the few cases which have come to light, the hosts should be regarded rather as vehicles of infection than as sources of it. It is only in the human body that both S. typhi and S. paratyphi B persist and reproduce themselves. In tracking down sources of infection we therefore ultimately come back to the living human being. Both /S. typhi and S. paratyphi B are in the main discharged from the human body with the faeces and urine. This process takes place, npt only in the course of the disease, but may also continue during convalescence (temporary carriers) and may, under special conditions, persist for the rest of life (chronic or permanent carriers). To prevent further spread of the infection it is, therefore, essential to examine faeces and urine for the specific germ before the patient is declared free from infection. To throw more light on the frequency with which a delayed or persistent discharge of »S. typhi and S. paratyphi B in the faeces and urine takes place in a large number of cases, an examination was undertaken of the typhoid and paratyphoid B patients treated in the Bergen City Hospital in the period 1920-47. The patients who had discharged other Salmonella types than S. typhi and S. paratyphi B were not included in this investigation. The diagnosis depended partly on serological tests, partly on positive blood culture or the demonstration of the D u r a t i o n o f t h e c h r o n i c c a r r i e r s t a t e

Temporary and chronic carriers of Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi B