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ResumenObjetivoValidar las escalas psicométricas: Estrés percibido (PSS), Apoyo familiar y de amigos (AFA-R), Depresión de Hamilton (HDRS), Sintomatología depresiva (CES-D), Violencia e índice de severidad (EV) en mujeres mexicanas puérperas con y sin preeclampsia.MétodoEstudio descriptivo que valida las propiedades psicométricas de las escalas PSS, AFA-R, HDRS, CES-D y EV. Las escalas fueron seleccionadas a través de una búsqueda en la web de los últimos 5 años. Las escalas fueron aplicadas por enfermeras mediante entrevista a 104 puérperas hospitalizadas con y sin preeclampsia. Para la confiabilidad se aplicó el alfa de Cronbach. La validez fue confirmada por un grupo de expertos y prueba piloto. Se utilizó análisis factorial por los métodos componentes principales, Káiser y Varimax.ResultadosCada escala tuvo consistencia interna; calificaron con nivel aceptable (PSS 0.718 y EV 0.740) y nivel bueno (AFA-R 0.911, CES-D 0.869 y HDRS 0.806). La validez de contenido fue aprobada con: PSS 96.42%; EV 100%; AFA 100%; CES-D 98.75%, y HDRS 92.64%. La estructura factorial estuvo bien distribuida: cada factor obtuvo algunos pesos altos y los demás, próximos a cero. Cada variable estuvo saturada en uno o en 2 factores, por lo que casi no compartieron varianzas. PSS, con 6 factores, tuvo poder explicativo de la varianza total del 72.23%; AFA-R, con 3 factores y poder explicativo del 74.19%; HDRS, con 6 factores y poder explicativo del 70.58%; CES-D, con 6 factores y poder explicativo del 72.87%, y la escala EV tuvo varianza de cero.ConclusionesLos hallazgos señalan que las escalas PSS, AFA-R, HDRS y CES-D por su confiabilidad, validez y utilidad funcionan teóricamente bien para medir las variables en el grupo de mujeres estudiadas; sin embargo para la escala EV debe considerarse un análisis factorial diferente en otra muestra similar.AbstractObjectiveTo assess the following scales’ psychometric characteristics: Perceived Stress (PSS), Family and Friends Support (AFA-R), Depression-Hamilton (HDRS), Depressive Symptomatology (CES-D), Violence and Index of Severity (EV) among Mexican populations, with and without pre-eclampsia.MethodDescriptive and psychometric study. A web search was conducted to decide on which scales use. Nurses applied the scales to 104 hospitalized post-partum women with and without pre-eclampsia. Cronbach alpha was measured to assess reliability. Validity was confirmed by a group of experts and by a pilot study. Principal components, Kaiser, and varimax factor analyses were carried out.ResultsEach scale had internal consistency-acceptable level: PSS .718 and EV .740; good level: AFA-R .911, CES-D .869 and HDRS .806. Content validity was assessed as PSS: 96.42%, EV: 100%, AFA 100%, CES-D: 98.75% and HDRS: 92.64%. The factor structure was well distributed. Each factor had few important weights, and the rest were close to zero. Each variable was not saturated except in one, and barely in two, factors, thus variance was almost not shared. PSS, with 6 factors, had an explicative power of the total variance of 72.23%; AFA-R, with 3 factors and explicative power of 74.19%; HDRS with 6 factors and explicative power of 70.58%; while CES-D, with 6 factors too, had an explicative power of 72.87%. The EV scale had a variance of zero.ConclusionsFindings suggest that the scales PSS, AFA-R, HDRS, and CES-D, due to their reliability, validity, and usefulness, theoretically work well to assess the different variables among the group of studied women. Another factor analysis on the EV scale should be considered for a similar sample

Validación psicométrica de escalas PSS-14, AFA-R, HDRS, CES-D, EV en puérperas mexicanas con y sin preeclampsia