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Electromagnetic interactions of protons and alpha particles are modeled in aform that is suitable for Monte Carlo simulation of the transport of chargedparticles. The differential cross section (DCS) for elastic collisions withneutral atoms is expressed as the product of the DCS for collisions with thebare nucleus and a correction factor that accounts for the screening of thenuclear charge by the atomic electrons. The screening factor is obtained as theratio of the DCS for scattering of the projectile by an atom with a pointnucleus and the parameterized Dirac-Hartree-Fock-Slater (DHFS) electrondensity, calculated from the eikonal approximation, and the Rutherford DCS forcollisions with the bare point nucleus. Inelastic collisions, which causeelectronic excitations of the material, are described by means of theplane-wave Born approximation, with an empirical simple model of thegeneralized oscillator strength (GOS) that combines several extendedoscillators with resonance energies and strengths determined from the atomicconfigurations and from the empirical mean excitation energy of the material.The contributions from inner subshells are renormalized to agree with realisticionization cross sections calculated numerically from the DHFS self-consistentmodel of atoms by means of the plane-wave Born approximation. The resulting DCSallows analytical random sampling of individual hard inelastic interactions.

nuclear instruments and methods in physics research. section b, beam interactions with materials and atoms/nuclear instruments and methods in physics research. section b, beam interactions with materials and atoms

Electromagnetic interaction models for Monte Carlo simulation of protons and alpha particles