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Gender imbalance in academia has been confirmed in terms of a variety ofindicators, and its magnitude often varies from country to country. Europe andNorth America, which cover a large fraction of research workforce in the world,have been the main geographical regions for research on gender imbalance inacademia. However, the academia in East Asia, which accounts for a substantialfraction of research, may be exposed to strong gender imbalance because Asiahas been facing persistent and stronger gender imbalance in society at largethan Europe and North America. Here we use publication data between 1950 and2020 to analyze gender imbalance in academia in China, Japan, and South Koreain terms of the number of researchers, their career, and citation practice. Wefound that, compared to the average of the other countries, gender imbalance islarger in these three East Asian countries in terms of the number ofresearchers and their citation practice and additionally in Japan in terms ofresearch career. Moreover, we found that Japan has been exposed to the largergender imbalance than China and South Korea in terms of research career andcitation practice.

Quantifying gender imbalance in East Asian academia: Research career and citation practice