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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is increasingly beingdiagnosed in both children and adults, but the neural mechanisms that underlieits distinct symptoms and whether children and adults share the same mechanismremain poorly understood. Here, we used a nested-spectral partition (NSP)approach to study the resting-state brain functional networks of ADHD patients(n=97) and healthy controls (HCs, n=97) across the lifespan (7-50 years).Compared to the linear lifespan associations of brain functional segregationand integration with age in HCs, ADHD patients have a quadratic association inthe whole brain and in most functional systems, whereas the limbic systemdominantly affected by ADHD has a linear association. Furthermore, the limbicsystem better predicts hyperactivity, and the salient attention system betterpredicts inattention. These predictions are shared in children and adults withADHD. Our findings reveal a lifespan association of brain networks with ADHDsymptoms and provide potential shared neural bases of distinct ADHD symptoms inchildren and adults.

Lifespan associations of resting-state brain functional networks with ADHD symptoms