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This work experimentally studies silicon-cored tungsten nanowire selectivemetamaterial absorber to enhance solar-thermal energy harvesting, simplyfabricated by conformally coating a thin tungsten layer onto a commercialsilicon nanowire stamp. Scanning electron microscopy is used to characterizethe morphology change before and after the tungsten deposition, while opticalspectroscopy is carried out to measure the spectral absorptance (or emittance)in the broad wavelength range from solar spectrum to infrared. It is shown thatthe tungsten nanowire absorber exhibits almost the same total solar absorptancearound 0.85 as the silicon nanowire but with greatly reduced total emittancedown to 0.18, which could significantly suppress the infrared emission heatloss. A lab-scale solar-thermal test apparatus is used to measure thesolar-thermal efficiency of the tungsten nanowire absorbers from 1 up to 20suns, experimentally demonstrating the improved performance due to excellentspectral selectivity over the silicon nanowire and black absorbers. Withdetailed heat transfer analysis, it is found that the tungsten nanowireabsorber achieves an experimental efficiency of 41% at temperature 203degCduring the solar-thermal test with stagnation temperature 273degC under 6.3suns. It is projected to reach 74% efficiency at same temperature 203degC withstagnation temperature of 430degC for practical application without parasiticradiative losses from side and bottom surfaces, greatly outperforming thesilicon nanowire and black absorbers. The results would facilitate thedevelopment of novel metamaterial selective absorbers at low cost forhighly-efficient solar thermal energy systems.

Enhancing Solar Thermal Energy Conversion with Silicon-cored Tungsten Nanowire Selective Metamaterial Absorbers