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We present a new theoretical and computational framework for modellingelectro-chemo-mechanical fracture. The model combines a phase field descriptionof fracture with a fully coupled characterisation of electrolyte behaviour,surface chemical reactions and stress-assisted diffusion. Importantly, a newphysics-based formulation is presented to describe electrolyte-containing phasefield cracks, appropriately capturing the sensitivity of electrochemicaltransport and reaction kinetics to the crack opening height. Unlike otherexisting methods, this approach is shown to accurately capture the resultsobtained with discrete fracture simulations. The potential of theelectro-chemo-mechanical model presented is demonstrated by particularising itto the analysis of hydrogen embrittlement in metallic samples exposed toaqueous electrolytes. The finite element implementation takes as nodaldegrees-of-freedom the electrolyte potential, the concentrations of relevantionic species, the surface coverage, the concentration of diluted species, thedisplacement field and the phase field order parameter. Particular attention isdevoted to improve stability and efficiency, resulting in the development ofstrategies for avoiding ill-constrained degrees of freedom and lumpedintegration schemes that eliminate numerical oscillations. The numericalexperiments conducted showcase the ability of the model to deliverassumptions-free predictions for systems involving both free-flowing andcrack-contained electrolytes. The results obtained highlight the role ofelectrolyte behaviour in driving the cracking process, evidencing thelimitations of existing models.

A phase field-based framework for electro-chemo-mechanical fracture: crack-contained electrolytes, chemical reactions and stabilisation