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Osteoblastoma is an uncommon benign bone-forming tumor that accounts for fewer than 1% of all bone neoplasms. Its periosteal subtype, “periosteal osteoblastoma”, is extremely rare, and the rarity of this tumor makes it difficult to draw conclusions regarding its clinical and radiological features. We report herein a case of periosteal osteoblastoma of the distal femur of a 17-year-old woman. As far as we are aware, the MR appearance of this tumor has not been well described. Periosteal osteoblastoma usually manifests on MR images as a bone-surface lesion accompanied by characteristic marked edema in the surrounding soft tissue, reflecting inflammation, without intramedullary edema. This case and a review of the literature suggested the advantage of MR imaging for differentiating periosteal osteoblastoma from other bone-forming surface-type lesions. We should be aware of this uncommon neoplasm when we encounter surface-type bone tumors, particularly in young patients with complaint of persistent pain and typical MR appearance.

Periosteal osteoblastoma of the distal femur: a case report and a review of the literature with special emphasis on the MR features