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Tunisia is one of the developing countries which faces crucial challenges, the most prominent of which are the production of organic waste, the need for an appropriate waste treatment, and the demand for water and energy conservation. To this end, the present research was designed to develop a technical concept on closed cycle “biowaste to bioenergy” treating food waste (FW) through combined biological processes. In this approach, semi-continuous anaerobic co-digestion (ACoD) of FW, wheat straw (WS), and cattle manure (CM) was tested to investigate the relationship between the effect of the feedstock mixtures and C:N ratio on biogas and digestate generation at different organic loading rates (OLRs) ranging from 2 to 3.6 kg VS/m 3 .d. Results showed that the mono-digested FW was optimal and reached 565.5 LN/kg VS in  at an OLR of 2.4 kg VS/m 3 .d, and then a drop of biogas production was recorded. However, for co-digested substrates, the optimum mixture ratio was FW:CM 75:25, where 62%, 39.89%, 91.26%, 130.9%, and 119.97% of the biogas yield improved for OLRs ranging from 2 to 3.6 kg VS/m 3 .d, respectively. Admittedly, the target of this work was to enhance the ACoD process, but it also examined the exploitation of different AD effluents. Therefore, special attention was paid to the generated digestates to decide how it can be efficiently upcycled later. Thus, the closed cycle “biowaste to bioenergy” treatment met two of the major Tunisian concerns: efficient organic waste management and sustainable bioenergy production.

Effects of co-substrates’ mixing ratios and loading rate variations on food and agricultural wastes’ anaerobic co-digestion performance