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The World Health Organisation (WHO) presents an upper limit for lead indrinking water of 10 parts per billion ppb. Typically, to reach this level ofsensitivity, expensive metrology is required. To increase the sensitivity oflow cost devices, this paper explores the prospects of using a volume reductiontechnique of a boiled water sample doped with Lead-210 ($^{210}Pb$), as a meansto increase the solute's concentration. $^{210}$Pb is a radioactive leadisotope and its concentration in a water sample can be measured with e.g. HighPurity Germanium (HPGe) detectors at the Boulby Underground Germanium Suite.Concentrations close to the WHO limit have not been examined. This paperpresents a measurement of the volume reduction technique retaining $99\pm(9)\%$of $^{210}$Pb starting from a concentration of $1.9\times10^{-6}$ ppb beforereduction and resulting in $2.63\times10^{-4}$ ppb after reduction. This workalso applies the volume reduction technique to London tap water and reports theradioassay results from gamma counting in HPGe detectors. Among otherradio-isotopes, $^{40}$K, $^{210}$Pb, $^{131}$I and $^{177}$Lu were identifiedat measured concentrations of $2.83\times10^{3}$ ppb, $2.55\times10^{-7}$ ppb,$5.06\times10^{-10}$ ppb and $5.84\times10^{-10}$ ppb in the London tap watersample. This technique retained $90\pm50\%$ of $^{40}$K. Stable lead wasinferred from the same water sample at a measured concentration of 0.012 ppb,prior to reduction.

Volume reduction of water samples to increase sensitivity for radioassay of lead contamination