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Performance characteristics of peel of  Artocarpus nobilis  fruit can be enhanced by the treatment of the biosorbent with aqueous NaOH solutions under stirred conditions, followed by thorough washing of the treated biosorbent with water. A series of experiments performed within a wide range of solution pH demonstrates that the optimum pH for Cr(III) removal is pH 5.0, while it is 2.0 for Cr(VI) by peel of  Artocarpus nobilis  fruit after treatment with aqueous NaOH solutions of concentrations varied from 0.0050 to 0.15 M. Adsorption of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) from individual aqueous solutions on the above biosorbent treated with 0.010 M NaOH solution, which provides the highest extent of removal of 4.89 × 10 3  mg kg −1  (pH = 5) and 4.94 × 10 3  mg kg −1  (pH = 2), respectively, follows pseudo-first-order kinetics at the ambient temperature of 27.5 °C when the concentration of adsorbate concentration is kept relatively constant. The order of the reaction is unchanged when the solution temperature is increased up to 40.0 °C for Cr(III) although the reaction becomes pseudo-second order for Cr(VI). Further, the energy of activation for adsorption of Cr(III) is determined to be 66.82 kJ mol −1 , suggesting a strong attraction between the adsorbate and the biosorbent. Application of the intraparticle diffusion model to kinetics data within the early stages of the adsorption process of Cr(III) suggests that boundary layer-retarded diffusion be valid at both solution temperatures, while no retardation be possible for Cr(VI) at the warmer temperature.

Biosorption of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) species on NaOH-modified peel of Artocarpus nobilis fruit. 1. Investigation of kinetics