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Grapefruit and lemon were exposed to phytosanitary irradiation doses of 0, 0.4, and 1 kGy, and then electronic-sensing screening of irradiation status and identification of radiation-induced ESR markers were conducted during 20 days storage. Codex standard photostimulated luminescence measurement (PSL 1 ) was not a reliable indicator of irradiation status. Electronic tongue and electronic nose, however, showed potential as screening tools for discriminating irradiated fruits from non-irradiated counterparts based on principal component analysis of taste attributes and flavor patterns. Calibrated PSL approach clearly distinguished irradiated from non-irradiated samples based on the PSL ratio (PSL 2 /PSL 1 ). Verification of irradiation status by electron spin resonance spectroscopy revealed clear paramagnetic centers from both irradiated fruits samples and ethanol-vacuum drying pretreatment improved radiation-induced ESR signal detection; not prominent enough in 0.4 kGy-irradiated commodities during 20 days of storage. Peel parts of both fruits showed high limonene which proportionally increased with irradiation doses ( p  &lt; 0.05 kGy).

E-sensing, calibrated PSL, and improved ESR techniques discriminate irradiated fresh grapefruits and lemons