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Objective Introspective interest and insight have long been argued to be important factors in psychotherapy. However, empirical studies are scarce and their results equivocal. Therefore, in the present study, the potential moderating and mediating roles of introspective interest and insight were examined in the context of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR). Methods In a randomized controlled trial, 72 MBSR participants were compared with 71 waitlist control participants. Their mean age was 46.1 years (SD = 10.3), 31.5% were male and all were white. Pre-to-post changes in mood, perceived stress, quality of life, mindfulness skills, and introspective interest and insight were compared between the groups and the moderating and mediating effects of introspective interest and insight were examined, adjusting for effects of mindfulness skills. Results Introspective interest nor insight moderated the effects of MBSR. However, increase in insight, but not interest, significantly mediated favorable effects of MBSR on all outcome variables, over and above changes in mindfulness skills: perceived stress ( B  = − 1.43, 95% CI − 2.63 to − 0.54), negative affect ( B  = − 0.11, 95% CI − 0.23 to − 0.00), positive affect ( B  = 0.12, 95% CI 0.03–0.23) and psychological quality of life ( B  = 0.16, 95% CI 0.02–0.34). Conclusions Increase in introspective insight may form a potentially important mechanism of the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions, and possibly also other psychological interventions.

Introspective Interest and Insight in the Context of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction: a Randomized Trial