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The Al–AlO–MgO composites with added aluminum contents of approximately 0wt%, 5wt%, and 10wt%, named as M, M, and M, respectively, were prepared at 1700°C for 5 h under a flowing N atmosphere using the reaction sintering method. After sintering, the Al–AlO–MgO composites were characterized and analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results show that specimen M was composed of MgO and MgAlO. Compared with specimen M, specimens M and M possessed MgAlON, and its production increased with increasing aluminum addition. Under an N atmosphere, MgO, AlO, and Al in the matrix of specimens M and M reacted to form MgAlON and AlN-polytypoids, which combined the particles and the matrix together and imparted the Al–AlO–MgO composites with a dense structure. The mechanism of MgAlON synthesis is described as follows. Under an N atmosphere, the partial pressure of oxygen is quite low; thus, when the Al–AlO–MgO composites were soaked at 580°C for an extended period, aluminum metal was transformed into AlN. With increasing temperature, AlO diffused into AlN crystal lattices and formed AlN-polytypoids; however, MgO reacted with AlO to form MgAlO. When the temperature was greater than (1640 ± 10)°C, AlN diffused into AlO and formed spinel-structured AlON.  MgAlON was acquired through a solid-solution reaction between AlON and MgAlO at high temperatures because of their similar spinel structures.

In situ reaction mechanism of MgAlON in Al–Al2O3–MgO composites at 1700°C under flowing N2