English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

The case control study was conducted to quantify the amount of the carcinogenic tobacco specific nitrosamine in smokeless tobacco users and smokers in patients with oral leukoplakia and also to emphasize the role of tobacco-specific nitrosamine in the incidence of oral leukoplakia. The study was conducted on 30 patients. The urine samples were obtained from smokeless tobacco users with oral leukoplakia, smokers with oral leukoplakia and non-tobacco users (i.e. people who do not use tobacco in any form). The collected samples were processed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A highly significant difference of NNAL[4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol] in smokeless tobacco users than tobacco smokers P = 0.0002 (Table 1) was obtained. This significant difference shows smokeless tobacco is more carcinogenic than smoked tobacco. This study confirmed that NNAL is a potent biomarker for calculating the risk of occurrence of carcinoma in smokeless tobacco users and smokers, and that smokeless tobacco is more harmful than smoked tobacco.

indian journal of clinical biochemistry

Comparison of the Carcinogenic Potential of Smokeless Tobacco and Smoked Tobacco by Quantifying the Excretion of Nicotine Metabolite NNAL in Patients with Oral Leukoplakia