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A polyethylene glycol (PEG)–bentonite (BT) composite was prepared by direct polymerization of PEG in suspensions of BT. Based on detailed analyses using field-effect scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, surface area measurements and chemical methods, the obtained product was mainly composed of Ca-BT with a specific surface area of \(4.13 \hbox { m}^{2} \hbox { g}^{-1}\). The optimal conditions for adsorption of \(\hbox {Pb}^{2+}\) and \(\hbox {Cd}^{2+}\) ions were found to be a PEG content of 0.1% and a contact time of 60 min. The sorption experiments were performed under various operating variables, including polymer concentration, pH and temperature. For both \(\hbox {Pb}^{2+}\) and \(\hbox {Cd}^{2+}\), the adsorption equilibrium was described by the Freundlich model, which confirmed the presence of a heterogeneous system with irregular filling of the active centres. The maximum sorption capacities of BT–PEG for removal of \(\hbox {Pb}^{2+}\) and \(\hbox {Cd}^{2+}\) were found to be 22 and 18 mg \(\hbox {g}^{-1}\), respectively. The rate constants calculated for the sorption of \(\hbox {Pb}^{2+}\) and \(\hbox {Cd}^{2+}\) were 6.29 and 6.67 g \(\hbox {mg}^{-1} \hbox { min}^{-1}\), respectively, at \(25^{\circ }\hbox {C}\). This study shows that the obtained sorbents based on BT may be used for treatment of waste water and could help resolve environmental protection issues.

Bentonite polymer composite for water purification