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Erich Lexer (1867–1937) was a leading early 20th century surgeon in Germany, specializing in orthopaedic, reconstructive and plastic surgery, and traumatology. He studied medicine in Würzburg and graduated in 1890. After a short period of studying anatomy, he started his surgical career in 1892 as a student of Ernst von Bergmann in Berlin. After twelve years as an investigator and surgeon he became professor of surgery in Königsberg in 1905. He moved to Jena in 1910, Freiburg in 1919, and Munich in 1928, where he became the successor to Sauerbruch. Lexer was coauthor of the National Socialists law for the prevention of hereditary sick children; he wrote an article on the sterilization of disabled men. He also was a member of the ‘‘Allgemeine SS,’’ a suborganization without active membership. Lexer belonged to a group of scientists who offered their knowledge to the National Socialists from the beginning, but his contributions to science have not been questioned. Lexer died in 1937 of an acute coronary occlusion. Many of the operating techniques named after him, such as the Lexer-Kreske mammoplasty, remain in recent use [1, 2, 7]. His anatomic and clinical studies of patients with acute hematogenous osteomyelitis and also his work on bone transplantations have been the basis of the present understanding of these topics. Lexer was also especially concerned with problems of plastic surgery; he realized its importance not just for reconstruction after disfiguring injuries and diseases, but also the beneficial effects of cosmetic surgery. In 1931 he performed the first face lift in Germany. Many of his earlier operations were aimed at reconstructing facial defects. The article we reproduce here was among his first on transplantation [3]. (The Editor notes a few portions of the text were difficult to understand, and a few sentences describing Lexer’s methods remain obscure.) Lexer advocated and demonstrated the effectiveness of homografts and allografts for various sorts of fixation and reconstruction of limb and facial defects. ‘‘Later,’’ he said, ‘‘I began thinking about the transplantation of an entire joint.’’ His first patient was operated in November of 1907 and the Prof. Dr. Erich Lexer (1867–1937) is shown. Photograph reprinted with permission of Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Locher, Institut für Geschichte der Medizin der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität.

The Classic: The Use of Free Osteoplasty Together with Trials on Arthrodesis and Joint Transplantation