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Half-Heusler (HH) phases (space group F43m, Clb) are increasingly gainingattention as promising thermoelectric materials in view of their thermalstability, scalability, and environmental benignity as well as efficient poweroutput. Until recently, the verifiable dimensionless figure of merit (ZT) of HHphases has remained moderate near 1, which limits the power conversionefficiency of these materials. We report herein ZT~1.3 in n-type (Hf,Zr)NiSnalloys near 850 K developed through elemental substitution and simultaneouslyembedment of nanoparticles in the HH matrix, obtained by annealing the samplesclose to their melting temperatures. Introduction of mass fluctuation andscattering centers play a key role in the high ZT measured, as shown by thereduction of thermal conductivity and increase of thermopower. Based oncomputation, the power conversion efficiency of a n-p couple module based onthe new n-type (Hf,Zr,Ti)NiSn particles-in-matrix composite and recentlyreported high-ZT p-type HH phases is expected to reach 13%, comparable to thatof state-of-the-art materials, but with the mentioned additional materials andenvironmental attributes. Since the high efficiency is obtained without tuningthe microstructure of the Half-Heusler phases, it leaves room for furtheroptimization.

Half Heusler Alloys for Efficient Thermoelectric Power Conversion