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Investigations into simple holocarpic oomycetes are challenging, because of the obligate biotrophic nature of many lineages and the periodic presence in their hosts. Thus, despite recent efforts, still, the majority of species described remains to be investigated for their phylogenetic relationships. One of these species is  Aphanomycopsis bacillariacearum , the type species of the genus  Aphanomycopsis . Species of  Aphanomycopsis  are endobiotic holocarpic parasites of diverse hosts (e.g., diatoms, desmids, dinoflagellates). All species classified in this genus were assigned to it based on the presence of branching hyphae and the formation of two generations of zoospores, of which the first one is not motile. Originally,  Aphanomycopsis  with its type species,  A. bacillariacearum , had been classified in the  Saprolegniaceae . However, the genus has undergone multiple taxonomic reassignments (to  Ectrogellaceae ,  Lagenidiaceae , and  Leptolegniellaceae ) in the past. To settle the taxonomy and investigate the phylogenetic placement of  Aphanomycopsis , efforts were undertaken to isolate  A. bacillariacearum  from its original host,  Pinnularia viridis  and infer its phylogenetic placement based on nrSSU (18S) sequences. By targeted isolation, the diatom parasitoid was rediscovered from Heiðarvatn lake, Höskuldsstaðir, Iceland. Phylogenetic reconstruction shows that  A. bacillariacearum  from  Pinnularia viridis  is embedded within the  Saprolegniales , and largely unrelated to both diatom-infecting oomycetes in the  Leptomitales  ( Ectrogella ,  Lagenisma ) and those placed within the early-diverging lineages ( Miracula ,  Diatomophthora ) of the  Oomycota .

Taxonomy and phylogeny of Aphanomycopsis bacillariacearum, a holocarpic oomycete parasitoid of the freshwater diatom genus Pinnularia