English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Going back to the roots of the now very popular and general term Artificial Intelligence (AI), the more neutral expression relating to Machine Intelligence (MI) was used as an umbrella term during its first years of the existence of this significant information technology. It is well-acknowledged that Alan Turing’s historic paper in 1950 on “Computing Machinery and Intelligence” [1], outlining what is now called the Turing Test, was the starting point for the science and an increasing body of myths about the thinking machine, which Turing referred to in his paper. At those times and even now, it was and is much easier to define in unambiguous terms what constitutes a machine (such as a Turing or von Neumann machine) than what is the essence of thinking in a verifiable manner. Turing took a short cut by means of a metaphor which he called the “imitation game,” as a way of describing a situational model with several entities (a machine and some human protagonists) and actions (goal-driven intelligent interaction between the entities) which in today’s terms is equivalent to emulate human thinking on a computer or a simulation of a virtual reality demanding complex decision making by either a human or a machine. The situational model in the imitation game envisaged by Turing consists of two strictly separated rooms and three people: a man (A), a woman (B), and an interrogator (C) who may be of either sex. The interrogator stays in a room apart from the other two people. The ideal arrangement is to have a teleprinter communicating between the two rooms.

Some germinal roots of AI and their impact on Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery (CARS)