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We report a giant red central disk galaxy in the XMM-LSS north region. Theregion is covered with a rich variety of multiband photometric andspectroscopic observations. Using the photometric data of theCanada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey (CFHTLS) and spectroscopicobservation of the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS), we find thatthe galaxy has a stellar mass of $\sim 10^{11.6}$ times of the solar mass$M_\odot$. The galaxy has a red color and has an old stellar population, andthus its star formation has stopped. With the photometric image data of HyperSuprime-Cam (HSC) Subaru Strategic Program, we demonstrate that its luminosityprofile is perfectly described by a S\'ersic form with $n=1.22$ indicating diskmorphology. We also analyze its environment based on the VIMOS PublicExtragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS) photometric catalog, and find that itsclose neighbors are all less massive, indicating that our observed galaxy issitting at the center of its host halo. Existence of the giant red central diskgalaxy seriously challenges the current standard paradigm of galaxy formation,as there is no known physical mechanism to explain the quenching of its starformation. This conclusion is supported by state-of-the-art hydrodynamicalsimulations of galaxy formation.

A giant central red disk galaxy at redshift $z=0.76$: challenge to theories of galaxy formation