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To meet the future demand for huge traffic volume of wireless data service,the research on the fifth generation (5G) mobile communication systems has beenundertaken in recent years. It is expected that the spectral and energyefficiencies in 5G mobile communication systems should be ten-fold higher thanthe ones in the fourth generation (4G) mobile communication systems. Therefore,it is important to further exploit the potential of spatial multiplexing ofmultiple antennas. In the last twenty years, multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) antenna techniques have been considered as the key techniques toincrease the capacity of wireless communication systems. When a large-scaleantenna array (which is also called massive MIMO) is equipped in abase-station, or a large number of distributed antennas (which is also calledlarge-scale distributed MIMO) are deployed, the spectral and energyefficiencies can be further improved by using spatial domain multiple access.This paper provides an overview of massive MIMO and large-scale distributedMIMO systems, including spectral efficiency analysis, channel state information(CSI) acquisition, wireless transmission technology, and resource allocation.

An Overview of Transmission Theory and Techniques of Large-scale Antenna Systems for 5G Wireless Communications