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The interaction between Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) and the adjacent mesenchyme is vitally important in mouse tooth root development. We previously generated odontoblast-specific Ctnnb1 (encoding β-catenin) deletion mice, and demonstrated that odontoblast β-catenin signaling regulates odontoblast proliferation and differentiation. However, the role of odontoblast β-catenin signaling in regulation of HERS behavior has not been fully investigated. Here, using the same odontoblast- specific Ctnnb1 deletion mice, we found that ablation of β-catenin signaling in odontoblasts led to aberrant HERS formation. Mechanistically, odontoblast-specific Ctnnb1 deletion resulted in elevated bone morphogenetic protein 7 (Bmp7) expression and reduced expression of noggin and follistatin, both of which encode extracellular inhibitors of BMPs. Furthermore, the levels of phosphorylated Smad1/5/8 were increased in HERS cells. In vitro tissue culture confirmed that BMP7 treatment disrupted the HERS structure. Taken together, we demonstrated that odontoblast β-catenin signaling may act through regulation of BMP signaling to maintain the integrity of HERS cells.

Odontoblast β-catenin signaling regulates fenestration of mouse Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath