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The hydrogenation of benzaldehyde in cyclohexane over a 5 wt% Pd/Al 2 O 3  catalyst at 313 K is firstly investigated at ambient pressure in a stirred batch reactor. The formation of benzyl alcohol is a facile process and a small mass imbalance is indirectly attributed to the formation of benzene as a by-product. No hydrogenolysis reaction to form toluene is observed. Secondly, examination of this reaction system by attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy enables the chemistry at the liquid/solid interface to be probed. Specifically, the ν(C=O) modes of solvated and adsorbed benzaldehyde are evident at 1712 and 1691 cm −1  respectively, providing information on how the reagent is partitioning within the reaction medium. Spectral acquisition on initiation of hydrogenation then enables the benzaldehyde → benzyl alcohol transition to be tracked. The additional presence of a broad CO stretching band of chemisorbed carbon monoxide (1852–1929 cm −1 ) is attributed to the hydrogen-assisted decarbonylation pathway that forms the benzene by-product.

topics in catalysis

The Application of Attenuated Total Reflection Infrared Spectroscopy to Investigate the Liquid Phase Hydrogenation of Benzaldehyde Over an Alumina-Supported Palladium Catalyst