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The composition of an atmosphere has integrated the geological history of theentire planetary body. However, the long-term evolutions of the atmospheres ofthe terrestrial planets are not well documented. For Earth, there were untilrecently only few direct records of atmosphere's composition in the distantpast, and insights came mainly from geochemical or physical proxies and/or fromatmospheric models pushed back in time. Here we review innovative approaches onnew terrestrial samples that led to the determination of the elemental andisotopic compositions of key geochemical tracers, namely noble gases andnitrogen. Such approaches allowed one to investigate the atmosphere's evolutionthrough geological period of time, and to set stringent constraints on the pastatmospheric pressure and on the salinity of the Archean oceans. For Mars, wereview the current state of knowledge obtained from analyses of Martianmeteorites, and from the direct measurements of the composition of thepresent-day atmosphere by rovers and spacecrafts. Based on these measurements,we explore divergent models of the Martian and Terrestrial atmosphericevolutions. For Venus, only little is known, evidencing the critical need fordedicated missions.

Perspectives on atmospheric evolution from noble gas and nitrogen isotopes on Earth, Mars & Venus