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The Solar X-ray Monitor (abbreviated as XSM) on board India's Chandrayaan-2mission is designed to carry out broadband spectroscopy of the Sun from lunarorbit. It observes the Sun as a star and measures the spectrum every second inthe soft X-ray band of 1 - 15 keV with an energy resolution better than 180 eVat 5.9 keV. The primary objective of the XSM is to provide the incident solarspectrum for the X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy experiment on theChandrayaan-2 orbiter, which aims to generate elemental abundance maps of thelunar surface. However, observations with the XSM can independently be used tostudy the Sun as well. The Chandrayaan-2 mission was launched on 22 July 2019,and the XSM began nominal operations, in lunar orbit, from September 2019. Thein-flight observations, so far, have shown that its spectral performance hasbeen identical to that on the ground. Measurements of the effective area fromground calibration were found to require some refinement, which has beencarried out using solar observations at different incident angles. It also hasbeen shown that the XSM is sensitive enough to detect solar activity well belowA-class. This makes the investigations of microflares and the quiet solarcorona feasible in addition to the study of the evolution of physicalparameters during intense flares. This article presents the in-flightperformance and calibration of the XSM instrument and discusses some specificscience cases that can be addressed using observations with the XSM.

Solar X-ray Monitor On Board the Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter: In-flight Performance and Science Prospects