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The impact of extreme geophysical, hydrological, and meteorological events such as earthquakes and tsunamis, floods, storms, or droughts causes both enormous human and monetary losses. The NatCatSERVICE of Munich Re’s database on most severe natural catastrophes documents for the years 2004–2015 10,304 loss events with 926,600 fatalities and 1.798 trillion US$ overall losses worldwide (MunichRE 2016). Prospectively, rapid urbanization observed in regions prone to natural hazards places more people and assets at risk than ever before. Regarding the assessment of risks, numerous questions can only be answered in a meaningful, consistent, and reliable way when using data which incorporate the spatial domain. In this manner, information about elements at risk needs to be spatially disaggregated and continuous and at the same time up to date and available in a standardized way. This is often not the case for many regions of the world, where suitable data are nonexistent and available at all. Remote sensing, volunteered geographic information (VGI), and other sources of geospatial data are available at various spatial and temporal scales, and the amount of data is increasing exponentially. These data comprise local to global observations of the earth’s surface with a temporal resolution reaching from daily to periodical. The overall aim of this special issue is to present and inform the multidisciplinary risk community on the latest developments, capabilities, and limitations regarding mapping of elements at risk and affiliated characterization on multiple spatial and temporal scales. This special issue on Geospatial data for multiscale mapping and characterization of elements at risk is closely linked to its precursor special issue in the Natural Hazards

One step back for a leap forward: toward operational measurements of elements at risk