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Immense body of evidence indicates that dysfunction of immune system is implicated in the etiology of schizophrenia. The immune theory of schizophrenia is supported by alterations in cytokine profile in the brain and peripheral blood. Given the strong genetic background of schizophrenia, it might be assumed that aberrant production of cytokines might be the consequence of genetic factors. This study aimed at investigating the association between schizophrenia susceptibility and selected functional polymorphisms in genes encoding cytokines including: interleukin-2 (IL2 -330T&gt;G, rs2069756), interleukin-6 (IL-6 -174G&gt;C, rs1800795), interferon-γ (IFNG +874T&gt;A, rs2430561) as well as for the first time transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFB1 +869T&gt;C, rs1800470 and +916G&gt;C, rs1800471). We recruited 151 subjects with schizophrenia and 279 controls. There was a significant difference in the genotype distribution and allelic frequency of the TGFB1 +869T&gt;C between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls (p &lt; 0.05). The risk of schizophrenia was more than two-fold higher in carriers of T allele (CT+TT genotypes) than individuals with CC genotype. Given documented gender differences in incidence of schizophrenia, we conducted separate analyses of male and female participants. We have shown that the association was significant in females, while in males it reached a trend toward statistical significance. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first report showing the association between TGFB1 +869T&gt;C polymorphism and schizophrenia.

Genetic variants in transforming growth factor-β gene (TGFB1) affect susceptibility to schizophrenia