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Chloroplast is a crucial organelle for plant photosynthesis and maintaining normal life activities in higher plants. Although some genes related to chloroplast development and pigment synthesis have been identified or cloned in rice, little is known about the relationship between these genes and abiotic stress response. In this study, we identified a novel mutant  white stripe leaf 12  ( wsl12 ) affecting pigment synthesis, chloroplast development and abiotic stress response in rice. The mutant phenotype was obvious at seeding and tillering stages and in response to the temperature change. Genetic analysis of reciprocal crosses between  wsl12  and wild-type plants showed that  wsl12  was a recessive mutant in a single nuclear locus. Map-based cloning revealed that the  WSL12  locus encoded OsNDPK2, one of the three nucleoside diphosphate kinases (OsNDPKs).  WSL12  expressed in all tested tissues, while it highly expressed in leaves and young tissues. The WSL12 protein localized to the chloroplast. The  wsl12  mutant showed higher superoxide anion level and enhanced sensitivity to abscisic acid (ABA) and salinity. The transcription pattern of many genes involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis, ABA synthesis, light signaling pathway, reactive oxygen species-scavenging pathway and the other two  OsNDPKs  was altered in the  wsl12  mutant. These results indicate that the OsNDPK2 encoded by  WSL12  plays an important role in chloroplast development and chlorophyll biosynthesis by regulating the expression levels of related genes. In addition,  WSL12  also affects the response to abiotic stress, such as ABA and salinity in rice, and is beneficial to molecular breeding of stress tolerance.   Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11032-016-0479-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

molecular breeding

White stripe leaf 12 (WSL12), encoding a nucleoside diphosphate kinase 2 (OsNDPK2), regulates chloroplast development and abiotic stress response in rice (Oryza sativa L.)