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Materials containing radionuclides of natural origin, which is modified byhuman made processes and being subject to regulation because of theirradioactivity are known as NORM. We present a brief review of the maincategories of non-nuclear industries together with the levels of activityconcentration in feed raw materials, products and waste, including mechanismsof radioisotope enrichments. The global management of NORM shows a high levelof complexity, mainly due to different degrees of radioactivity enhancement andthe huge amount of worldwide waste production. The future tendency ofguidelines concerning environmental protection will require both a systematicmonitoring based on the ever-increasing sampling and high performance of gammaray spectroscopy. On the ground of these requirements a new low backgroundfully automated high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometer MCA_Rad has beendeveloped. The design of Pb and Cu shielding allowed to reach a backgroundreduction of two order of magnitude with respect to laboratory radioactivity. Asevere lowering of manpower cost is obtained through a fully automation system,which enables up to 24 samples to be measured without any human attendance. Twocoupled HPGe detectors increase the detection efficiency, performing accuratemeasurements on sample volume (180 cc) with a reduction of sample transportcost of material. Details of the instrument calibration method are presented.MCA_Rad system can measure in less than one hour a typical NORM sample enrichedin U and Th with some hundreds of Bq/kg, with an overall uncertainty less than5%. Quality control of this method has been tested. Measurements of certifiedreference materials RGK-1, RGU-2 and RGTh-1 containing concentrations of K, Uand Th comparable to NORM have been performed, resulting an overall relativediscrepancy of 5% among central values within the reported uncertainty.

The worldwide NORM production and a fully automated gamma-ray spectrometer for their characterization