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Using NMR magnetization transfer from water and ammonia-catalyzed exchange of the imino protons, changes have been monitored in base-pair kinetics induced by Mg(2 + ) in two key activity fragments r(CACCUGGCGACAGGUG) and r(GGCCAAAAGCC) of the encephalomyocarditis virus internal ribosome entry site. For r(CACCUGGCGACAGGUG), the addition of Mg(2 + ) reveals two types of base-pairs: r(U(545)·A) and r(G(546)·C), in the first category, have lifetimes only slightly higher in the presence of Mg(2 + ), whereas their dissociation constants are substantially reduced. This behavior has been termed proximal. The base-pairs r(G(553)·C) and r(G(554)·C), in the second category, have lifetimes substantially higher in the presence of Mg(2 + ), whereas their dissociation constants remain almost constant. This behavior has been termed distal. Mg(2 + ) has a specific effect on r(CACCUGGCGACAGGUG), the magnitude of which is progressively modulated from the proximal region of the 16-mer towards its distal region. For r(GGCCAAAAGCC), an intermediate behavior is found for base-pairs r(G(565)·C) and r(G(572)·C). Their lifetimes are slightly higher in the presence of Mg(2 + ) and their dissociation constants are significantly lower, a behavior resembling that of the 16-mer proximal region. These results indicate that Mg(2 + ) diffusively moves around r(GGCCAAAAGCC).

Effects of magnesium ions on two EMCV IRES key activity fragments